Introduction
Pan American Virtual is set in a different time than today's world. The virtual airline is based on the airline's operations during the era of their greatest success, the late 1960s. The schedules at Pan American Virtual are based on the airline's August 1967 timetable, edited to ensure the time zones match those of the modern day. But because a single timetable can not truly reflect the spirit of the times, additional timetables within a ten-year range have been used to offer an accurate recreation of Pan American's operations. This Pilot Manual will alert you to several important changes to your normal operations that should be followed when flying Pan American Virtual flights.

Different City/Country Names
The following cities and countries were named differently at the time Pan American Virtual represents:
 

Then	Now
Calcutta, India	Kolkata, India
Czechoslovakia	Czech Republic
Dahomey	Benin
Dutch Guiana	Suriname
Ivory Coast	Côte d'Ivoire
Rangoon, Burma	Yangon, Myanmar
Saigon, South Vietnam	Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
U.S.S.R.	Russia
West Germany	Germany
Yugoslavia	Serbia

Different Airports
Many of the airports at the time of Pan American Virtual are no longer used today for commercial service. Please use the following airports wherever possible:

City	Airport	Comments
Bangkok	Don Muang
Hong Kong	Kai Tak
Jakarta	Kemayoran	not available in FS2004, use Soekarno-Hatta
Ketchikan	Annette Island
Melbourne	Essendon
Munich	Riem	scenery available below
Oslo	Fornebu	scenery available below
San Salvador	Ilopango
Sao Paulo	Viracopos	now known as Campinas
Singapore	Paya Lebar

Historic Scenery
Historic scenery is available for many of the airports Pan American Virtual serves:

Amsterdam, Netherlands Atlanta, GA, U.S. Bangkok Don Muang, Thailand Beirut, Lebanon Berlin Tegel Berlin Tempelhof Calcutta, India Cam Ranh Bay, South Vietnam Copenhagen, Denmark Da Nang, South Vietnam Entebbe/Kampala, Uganda Frankfurt Intl., West Germany Gander, NF, Canada

Hong Kong Kai Tak Honolulu, HI, U.S. Karachi, Pakistan Kinshasa, Dem. Rep. Congo La Paz, Bolivia Lisbon, Portugal London Heathrow, England, U.K. Los Angeles, CA, U.S. Maracaibo, Venezuela Munich Riem, West Germany Nadi, Fiji Oslo Fornebu, Norway

Paris Le Bourget, France Paris Orly, France Portland, OR, U.S. Saigon, South Vietnam San Francisco, CA, U.S. Seattle/Tacoma, WA, U.S. Shannon, Ireland Singapore Paya Lebar Sydney, NSW, Australia Tehran Mehrabad, Iran Tokyo Haneda, Japan Wake Island

Airspace Restrictions
When flying domestic German services to/from Berlin, flights must remain within the three Air Corridors (GIF/PDF), which are each twenty miles wide. In addition, altitude in the Frankfurt and Hamburg Air Corridors can not exceed 9800 ft. Flights to/from Berlin Tegel should use the Bueckeberg Air Corridor. Flights may not fly over North Vietnam, the People's Republic of China, the U.S.S.R, or the above noted airspace in East Germany.

Historic Voyages
Because many aircraft in our Historic Voyages did not have autopilots in them, flights may be increased up to 4x simulation rate so long as the aircraft is at cruising speed and altitude.

Credits
The following books and websites were used in the development of Pan American Virtual. Special thanks goes to Larry Archbold for his contribution of a 1963 timetable and to R.E.G. Davies for offering access to his private collections.

-Banning, Gene. Airlines of Pan American since 1927: Its Airlines, its People, and its Aircraft. McLean (Va.): Paladwr Press, 2001.
-Conrad III, Barnab. Pan Am: An Aviation Legend. San Francisco: Woodford Publishing, 1999.
-Daley, Robert. An American Saga: Juan Trippe and His Pan Am Empire. New York: Random House, 1980.
-Davies, R.E.G. Airlines of the United States since 1914. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1972.
-Davies, R.E.G. Pan Am: An Airline and its Aircraft. New York: Orion Books, 1987.
-Allen, Roy. The Pan Am Clipper: The History of Pan American’s Flying-Boats, 1931 to 1946. New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 2000.
-Gandt, Robert. Skygods: The Fall of Pan Am. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1995.
-Taylor, Barry. Pan American’s Ocean Clippers. Blue Ridge Summit (Penn.): Aero, 1991.
-Turner, P. St. John. Pictorial History of Pan American World Airways. London: Ian Allan, 1973.

-Airline Timetable Images
-everythingPanAm.com
-PanAmAir.org
-Pan Am Historical Foundation
-Pan Am Memorial Homepage
-Pan American World Airways History: The Clipper Heritage